References and Resources
Historical Background
See this link for a more detailed timeline:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1zEM_3Q30hj2AN7XgGxYp6BR-uSt36M4i3S-QZVecuZU/edit?usp=sharing
Sources:
Junaid, Mohamad. “Kashmir: A Historical Timeline.” Adi Magazine, 2020. Available at: https://adimagazine.com/articles/kashmir-a-historical-timeline/.
Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Kashmir | History, People, Conflict, Map, & Facts." Britannica. Available at: https://www.britannica.com/place/Kashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent.
Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Sino-Indian War | Causes, Summary, & Casualties." Britannica. Available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sino-Indian-War.
Lidarev, Ivan. "History’s Hostage: China, India and the War of 1962." The Diplomat, 21 Aug. 2012. Available at: https://thediplomat.com/2012/08/historys-hostage-china-india-and-the-war-of-1962/.
"India-China Border Tensions: Key Dates in Decades-long Conflict." Al Jazeera, 17 Jun. 2020. Available at: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/6/17/india-china-border-tensions-key-dates-in-decades-long-conflict.
DasGupta, Probal. "Watershed 1967: India's Forgotten Victory Over China." Columbia Alumni Association. Available at: https://www.alumni.columbia.edu/content/watershed-1967-indias-forgotten-victory-over-china.
"Declaration on Principles for Relations and Comprehensive Cooperation Between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of India, June 25, 2003." US-China Institute. Available at: https://china.usc.edu/declaration-principles-relations-and-comprehensive-cooperation-between-peoples-republic-china-and.
Lalwani, Sameer P., Markey, Daniel, and Singh, Vikram J. "Another Clash on the India-China Border Underscores Risks of Militarization." United States Institute of Peace, 20 Dec. 2022. Available at: https://www.usip.org/publications/2022/12/another-clash-india-china-border-underscores-risks-militarization.
Swartz, John. "Tracking India’s Infrastructure Development Near the Line of Actual Control." Observer Research Foundation. Available at: https://www.orfonline.org/research/tracking-indias-infrastructure-development-near-the-lac.
Legal and Political Claims
China's Claims Sources:
Chang, I-wei Jennifer. "China’s Kashmir Policies and Crisis Management in South Asia." United States Institute of Peace, 2017. Available at: https://www.usip.org/publications/2017/02/chinas-kashmir-policies-and-crisis-management-south-asia.
"Zhongguo He Bajisitan Lianhe Gongbao" (“China and Pakistan Joint Communique”), Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Guowuyuan Gongbao (People’s Republic of China State Council Communiques) 29, no. 3, March 12, 1964. Available at: www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1964/gwyb196405.pdf.
Bhattacharya, Abanti. "Conceptualising Uyghur Separatism in Chinese Nationalism." Columbia International Affairs Online, July 2003. Available at: https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/olj/sa/sa_jul03/sa_jul03bha02.html.
"Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying's Regular Press Conference on August 31, 2016." Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China, 31 Aug. 2016. Available at: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/nanhai/eng/fyrbt_1/201608/t20160831_8525659.htm.
Panda, Ankit. "Why China Snubbed India on a Pakistan-based Terrorist at the UN." The Diplomat, 25 Jun. 2015. Available at: https://thediplomat.com/2015/06/why-china-snubbed-india-on-a-pakistan-based-terrorist-at-the-un/.
"China Stands with Pakistan on Kashmir Issue, Li Keqiang to Nawaz Sharif." Firstpost, Sep 21. 2016. Available at: https://www.firstpost.com/world/china-stands-with-pakistan-on-kashmir-issue-li-keqiang-to-nawaz-sharif-3014342.html.
India's Claims Sources:
Van der Merwe, Hugo. "History of the Qing Dynasty." Chinese Language Institute (CLI), 8 Dec. 2023.
Chinoy, Rana Mubashir. "The Forgotten Fact of 'China-Occupied Kashmir'." Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, 13 Nov. 2020. Available at: https://www.idsa.in/specialfeature/forgotten-fact-of-china-occupied-kashmir-srchinoy-131120.
United Nations Security Council. "Resolution 47 (1948) on the India-Pakistan Question." United Nations Security Council Resolutions, 21 Apr. 1948.
Chang, I-wei Jennifer. "China’s Kashmir Policies and Crisis Management in South Asia." United States Institute of Peace, 2017. Available at: https://www.usip.org/publications/2017/02/chinas-kashmir-policies-and-crisis-management-south-asia.
Swartz, John. "Tracking India’s Infrastructure Development Near the Line of Actual Control." Observer Research Foundation, 17 Oct. 2023. Available at: https://www.orfonline.org/research/tracking-indias-infrastructure-development-near-the-lac.
Current Implications of the Dispute
Sources:
“Behind the Kashmir Conflict - the Applicable International Law .” Human Rights Watch, July 1999, www.hrw.org/reports/1999/kashmir/intl-law.htm.
“Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Mao Ning’s Regular Press Conference on December 12, 2023.” 中华人民共和国外交部, 12 Dec. 2023, www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/xwfw_665399/s2510_665401/202312/t20231212_11200922.html.
Joshi, Anik. “India Has Handed China a Way to Interfere in Kashmir.” Foreign Policy, 16 June 2020, foreignpolicy.com/2020/06/16/china-kashmir-himalayas-pakistan-conflict/.
Koussa, Maryanne. “A Look into the Conflict between India and Pakistan over Kashmir.” SIR Journal, 19 Oct. 2020, www.sirjournal.org/research/2020/10/19/a-look-into-the-conflict-between-india-and-pakistan-over-kashmir.
Mirza, Zafar. “Humanitarian Crisis in Kashmir: Don’t Shoot the Messenger.” The Lancet, vol. 396, no. 10255, 4 Sept. 2019, doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32078-1.
Rajeev, Nishant, and Alex Stephenson. “Why We Should All Worry about the China-India Border Dispute.” United States Institute of Peace, 31 May 2023, www.usip.org/publications/2023/05/why-we-should-all-worry-about-china-india-border-dispute.
USIP Senior Study Group on Strategic Stability in Southern Asia. “Enhancing Strategic Stability in Southern Asia: USIP Senior Study Group Final Report.” United States Institute of Peace, 17 May 2022, www.usip.org/southern-asia-strategic-stability-report.
The Wire Staff. “After Supreme Court Order, China Reiterates Position on Kashmir.” The Wire, 12 Dec. 2023, thewire.in/world/after-supreme-court-order-china-reiterates-position-on-kashmir.
The Wire Staff. “Article 370: On Day 2, India-China in Diplomatic Spat over Ladakh.” The Wire, 6 Aug. 2019, thewire.in/diplomacy/article-370-india-china-diplomatic-spat-ladakh-kashmir.
Public Narratives
Sources:
Altieri, Richard, et al. “The Days after: A Retrospective on Chinese and Indian Media Coverage of the June 16 Border Conflict.” Lawfare Media, 8 July 2020, www.lawfaremedia.org/article/days-after-retrospective-chinese-and-indian-media-coverage-june-16-border-conflict.
Sagar, Pradip R. “How China Has Unleashed a Misinformation War on India.” India Today, 18 Oct. 2023, www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/how-china-has-unleashed-a-misinformation-war-on-india-2450656-2023-10-18.
“西部战区发言人张水利大校就中印边防人员位加勒万河谷地区冲突发表声明.” Ministry of National Defense of the People’s Republic of China, 16 June 2020, www.mod.gov.cn/topnews/2020-06/16/content_4866812.htm.